Allergies and intolerances

Food allergies

A food allergy is a defensive reaction of the immune system to certain proteins in food, such as:

• Peanut allergy

• Nut allergy (almonds, hazelnuts, walnuts, cashews, pistachios, pecans, Brazil nuts)

• Milk allergy (cow’s milk protein allergy)

• Egg allergy

• Fish allergy

• Shellfish allergy (shrimp, lobster, etc.)

• Mollusk allergy (mussels, oysters, squid, etc.)

• Soy allergy

• Wheat allergy

• Sesame allergy

• Mustard allergy

• Lupin allergy

• Celery allergy

• Sulfite sensitivity

Food intolerances

A food intolerance is not a true allergy but a sensitivity reaction without involvement of the immune system, such as:

• Lactose intolerance (milk sugar)

• Fructose intolerance (fruit sugar)

• Gluten intolerance / celiac disease

• Histamine intolerance

• Sorbitol intolerance

• Caffeine sensitivity

• Sulfite intolerance

• MSG sensitivity (E621)

Allergic skin reactions caused by direct contact with a specific substance, such as:

• Nickel allergy (jewelry, coins)

• Latex allergy (gloves, balloons)

• Perfume allergy

• Cosmetic allergy

• Preservative allergy (such as methylisothiazolinone)

• Dye allergy

• Resin or glue allergy

• Detergent allergy

• Sun allergy

Contact allergies

Respiratory allergies

Allergic reactions caused by inhalation of environmental substances, such as:

• Dust mite allergy

• Pollen allergy (hay fever)

• Tree pollen allergy (birch, alder, hazel, oak, etc.)

• Grass pollen allergy

• Mold allergy

• Animal dander allergy (cats, dogs, horses)

Insect allergies

Allergic reactions to insect stings or bites, such as:

• Wasp venom allergy

• Bee venom allergy

• Mosquito allergy

• Ant allergy

Allergic or hypersensitivity reactions to medications, such as:

• Penicillin allergy

• Antibiotic allergy

• NSAID allergy (ibuprofen, aspirin)

• Contrast agent allergy (during medical exams)

• Anesthetic allergy

Drug allergies

Alpha-gal syndrome

The Alpha-Gal syndrome is a unique form of food allergy that develops after a tick bite (Lone Star Tick).

The bite triggers the immune system to react against a sugar molecule called alpha-gal, found in mammalian meat.

Characteristics:

• The reaction often occurs delayed (3–6 hours after eating meat)

• Symptoms range from itching and hives to swelling, abdominal pain, or anaphylaxis

• Mainly linked to red meat: beef, pork, lamb, game

• Sometimes reactions to gelatin, dairy, or certain medications containing animal products

In the United States, about 450,000 people are affected by Alpha-Gal syndrome.

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